| Acronym | Meaning |
| ABS | Able-Bodied Seaman |
| ABS | About Boating Safety (course) |
| ABS | Absolute Block System (railway signalling) |
| ABS | Access and Benefit-Sharing |
| ABS | Administration and Business Services (various organizations) |
| ABS | Adult Basic Skills |
| ABS | Advanced Battle Simulation(s) |
| ABS | Advanced Bomb Suit |
| ABS | Agile Beam System |
| ABS | Ahli Bintang Sarawak (Malaysia; Member of the Order of the Star of Sarawak) |
| ABS | Air Base Security |
| ABS | Air Base Simulator |
| ABS | Air Base Squadron |
| ABS | Air Base Survivability |
| ABS | Air Base Systems |
| ABS | Airborne Bathymetric Survey |
| ABS | Alcohol Breath Screening |
| ABS | Algorithmes et Biologie Structurale (French: Algorithms and Structural Biology; National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control; France) |
| ABS | Alternate Bit Synchronization |
| ABS | Amended Budget Submission |
| ABS | Anchor Bolt Stabilizer |
| ABS | Annual Beneficiary Summary |
| ABS | Annual Business Survey (various locations) |
| ABS | Army Broadcasting Service |
| ABS | Assault Ballistic Rocket System |
| ABS | Assisted Breaking System (aviation) |
| ABS | Automated Battle Book System |
| ABS | Automatic Backup Shutdown |
| ABS | Automatic Braking System (aviation, automobiles) |
| ABS | International Regime on Access to Benefit-Sharing (multinational pact) |