| Acronym | Meaning |
| TARP | Tactical Air Reconnaissance Pod |
| TARP | Tactics Analysis Reporting Process (US Air Force) |
| TARP | Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance Platoon |
| TARP | Tax Administration Reform Programme (Pakistan) |
| TARP | Technical Assistance for Repairables Processing (US DoD) |
| TARP | Temporary Asset Redistribution Program |
| TARP | Theater Army Repair Program |
| TARP | Threat Awareness and Reporting Program (US Army) |
| TARP | Thrift Administration Review Program |
| TARP | Tire Assembly Repair Program (US DoD) |
| TARP | Tissue Array Research Program |
| TARP | Tobacco Addiction Recovery Program |
| TARP | Towed-Array Range Processor/Processing |
| TARP | Towed-Array Ranging Program |
| TARP | Trigger Action Response Plan (various organizations) |
| TARP | Troubled Asset Relief Program (US Department of the Treasury) |
| TARP | Tucson Airport Remediation Project (environmental cleanup; Arizona) |
| TARP | Tunnel and Reservoir Plan |