| Acronym | Meaning |
| TPU | Tank and Pump Unit (fuel transport/disbursal system) |
| TPU | Target Power Uprate (nuclear) |
| TPU | Taxe Professionnelle Unique (French: Single Professional Tax) |
| TPU | Teenage Pregnancy Unit |
| TPU | Time Processing Unit |
| TPU | Timer Power Unit (explosive devices) |
| TPU | Torpedo Propulsion Upgrade |
| TPU | Trained, Needs Practice, Untrained (US Army) |
| TPU | Transient Personnel Unit |
| TPU | Transportation & Public Utilities |
| TPU | Transportation Plan Update |
| TPU | Troop Program Unit |
| TPU | Turret Processor Unit (Bradley Fighting Vehicle A3) |